Latin Grammar by Alan Fishbone

Author:Alan Fishbone [Fishbone, Alan]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Published: 2011-03-19T20:00:31+00:00

CHAPTER 9 Syntax of the Complex Sentence

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In secondary sequence, the imperfect subjunctive expresses a time simultaneous with (sometimes subsequent to) that of the main verb: ScieÅbam quid facereÅs.

I knew what you were doing.

The pluperfect subjunctive expresses a time prior to that of the main verb: ScieÅbam quid feÅcisseÅs.

I knew what you had done.

As stated above, though there are many different categories of subordinate clauses, for the most part it is possible to handle them correctly by knowing what their subordinating conjunctions mean and remembering the rules of sequence for uses of the subjunctive.

Temporal Clauses

Temporal clauses situate the action of the main clause in time by relating it to something else. There are many different subordinating conjunctions that introduce them.

Some temporal conjunctions take the indicative:

postquam

after

cum

when

ut

when

ubi

when

Cum mõÅliteÅs urbem võÅceÅrunt,

When the soldiers conquered the town,

servõÅ fuÅgeÅrunt.

the slaves ¯ed.

Some can take the indicative or subjunctive:

antequam

before

priusquam

before

dum

until

doÅnec

until

quoad

until

They take the indicative to represent facts:

PoeÅtae fuÅgeÅrunt antequam mõÅliteÅs

The poets ¯ed before the soldiers

urbem ceÅpeÅrunt.

captured the city.

The Latin tells us that the capture of the city actually took place.

MõÅliteÅs pugnaÅbant doÅnec poeÅtae

The soldiers fought until the poets ¯ed.

fuÅgeÅrunt.

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